Diets and Weight Control

Can pets be overweight?

According to recent studies, 30 to 40 percent of all pets in the United States are overweight, making obesity one of the most common diseases afflicting dogs and cats today. Too much weight can cause some of the same problems in pets as it does in people, including respiratory problems, diabetes, arthritis and heart disease. Overweight pets also have an increased likelihood of tearing ligaments and wearing down joints, making it painful for them to get around.

Because pets generally weigh much less than people, just a pound or two can make a big difference. That is why it is important to watch your pet’s diet, exercise routine and weight. An average-sized cat should weigh between eight and ten pounds. A dog’s ideal weight varies with its breed size. A small dog may weigh about the same as a cat. A large-breed dog may weigh sixty pounds or more.

Is my pet overweight?

Check with your veterinarian during your pet’s annual exam. If you find that your pet is overweight, your veterinarian can run tests to find out if there is a medical reason. An older pet may gain weight as his activity level and metabolism decrease. Or you may be giving your pet a few too many treats. In any case, your veterinarian can recommend a diet and exercise plan to help your pet attain the proper weight.

You can monitor your pet’s weight at home by simply feeling his ribs. Place your fingers on the side of the rib cage and press or rub gently. If you can feel his ribs fairly easily, your pet is probably not overweight. If you have to press harder to feel the ribs, he is likely overweight. As you are observing and feeling the ribs, look for your pet’s "waist." If your pet’s weight is normal, the body should become more slender as you look from the end of the ribs to the hindquarters.

What is an appropriate diet for my pet?

As with humans, the best way to minimize unhealthy weight gain is to control your pet’s caloric intake and make sure he gets the right amount of exercise. Your veterinarian plays a crucial role in recommending the appropriate food and exercise level for your pet’s specific breed and age. If weight loss is necessary, a 1- to 2-percent weight loss per week is optimal—the key is to help your pet lose weight gradually.

Controlling calories can be done in several ways. Giving your pet less food is always effective. Feeding dry food, rather than canned food, can also help, because dry food usually has fewer calories. Your veterinarian may prescribe a diet specifically for weight loss.

The ideal diet for all dogs is a low-fat, high-fiber one. Puppies (dogs less than a year old) need food that provides extra protein, calcium and iron—specially formulated for their developing bodies. Cats require a diet higher in protein.

If you can’t resist those "puppy-dog eyes," try feeding your dog low-calorie snacks. Many dogs actually like fruits and raw vegetables such as apples, oranges, carrots, broccoli, potatoes and green beans. If your dog has trouble digesting raw vegetables and fruits, or if the weather is hot, give him an ice cube. It will be a fun treat without the extra calories!

Treats for both dogs and cats are also available at pet food stores and supermarkets. Whatever the type of treat you feed your pet, it is essential that you consider the entire caloric intake for the day. This means that you should not add treats to the daily ration of food. Treats should substitute for a small portion of the daily food. An easy way to give your pet a treat is to take a few pieces of dry food from the regular meal and save them for a treat later in the day.

Do not feed your pet table scraps. Most "people food" is full of fat, salt and other ingredients your pet doesn’t need. These unwanted ingredients will cause him to gain unwanted pounds and sometimes cause indigestion or diarrhea. Keep scraps and leftovers in a place where your pet cannot reach them, such as the refrigerator or a covered trash can.

Most pets get the right amount of fat, protein and nutrients from their regular food; therefore, treats should be just that—treats! Only occasionally should you vary from your pet’s regular diet. That’s why it is essential to consult with your veterinarian about your pet’s unique needs.

Eating a healthy diet is only half the battle for you and your pet. To learn how exercise can keep your furry friends in shape, see Exercise for Dogs.